ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate whether sarcoidosis patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at risk for adverse disease outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in five hospitals within the Mount Sinai Health System during March 1, 2020 to July 29, 2020. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. We identified sarcoidosis patients who met diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis according to accepted guidelines. An adverse disease outcome was defined as the presence of intubation and mechanical ventilation or in-hospital mortality. In sarcoidosis patients, we reported (when available) the results of pulmonary function testing measured within 3 years prior to the time of SARSCoV2 infection. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to generate an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) to evaluate sarcoidosis as a risk factor for an adverse outcome. The same model was used to analyze sarcoidosis patients with moderate and/or severe impairment in pulmonary function. RESULTS: The study included 7337 patients, 37 of whom (0.5%) had sarcoidosis. The crude rate of developing an adverse outcome was significantly higher in patients with moderately and/or severely impaired pulmonary function (9/14 vs. 3/23, p = 0.003). While the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was not independently associated with risk of an adverse event, (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6), the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with moderately and/or severely impaired pulmonary function was associated with an adverse outcome (aOR 7.8, 95% CI 2.4-25.8). CONCLUSION: Moderate or severe impairment in pulmonary function is associated with mortality in sarcoidosis patients infected with SARSCoV2.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary , COVID-19 , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Female , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/physiopathology , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Infection with novel SARS-CoV-2 carries significant morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary compromise, such as lung cancer, autoimmune disease, and pneumonia. For early stages of mild to moderate disease, care is entirely supportive.Antiviral drugs such as remdesivir may be of some benefit but are reserved for severe cases given limited availability and potential toxicity. Repurposing of safer, established medications that may have antiviral activity is a possible approach for treatment of earlier-stage disease. Tetracycline and its derivatives (e.g. doxycycline and minocycline) are nontraditional antibiotics with a well-established safety profile, potential efficacy against viral pathogens such as dengue fever and chikungunya, and may regulate pathways important in initial infection, replication, and systemic response to SARS-CoV-2. We present a series of four high-risk, symptomatic, COVID-19+ patients, with known pulmonary disease, treated with doxycycline with subsequent rapid clinical improvement. No safety issues were noted with use of doxycycline.Doxycycline is an attractive candidate as a repurposed drug in the treatment of COVID-19 infection, with an established safety profile, strong preclinical rationale, and compelling initial clinical experience described here.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma of Lung/complications , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Doxycycline/administration & dosage , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/complications , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19 , Comorbidity , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multimorbidity , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Risk Assessment , Sampling Studies , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A 38-year-old emergency medical service Bell 214 male pilot with a dry cough, fever, anorexia, fatigue, and sweating for the past 3 days; an oral temperature of 38°C; blood pressure of 105/65 mm Hg; heart rate of 94 beats/min; respiratory rate of 21 breaths/min; and pulse oximetry of 93% on room air was suspicious for coronavirus disease 2019. Surprisingly, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was negative, but bilateral hilar adenopathy was reported in his chest radiography as a new challenge. The pathologic report of the adenopathy biopsy was noncaseating sarcoid-type granulomas. Serologic tests showed a serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level of 58 nmol/mL/min. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD4/CD8 ratio was 3.68. The bronchoalveolar lavage findings provided an accurate sarcoidosis diagnosis, and a high-resolution computed tomographic scan revealed stage 1 pulmonary involvement. Because of the pulmonary involvement, clinical manifestations, use of inhaled fluticasone, and need for longer and accurate follow-up and to protect against coronavirus disease 2019, he has been temporarily suspended until the final assignment.